Emergence of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) producing Enterobacterales from water sources: An impending public health challenge in Adamawa-north senatorial zone, Nigeria

Background: The emergence of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) among Enterobacterales in water sources has raised a major public health concern and constitute critical threat to human as these organisms exhibits high level resistance available potent antibiotics. aim this study is detect the presence NDM-1 gene carbapenem resistant (CRE) isolates from sources.
 Methodology: A total 256 samples were collected randomly selected hand-dug wells (128 samples) river/stream for each dry rainy seasons four out five local government areas (LGAs) Adamawa-north senatorial zone, Nigeria. filtered using membrane filtration technique filters introduced into appropriate bacteriologic media bacterial growth. recovered identified by both phenotypic molecular protocols. Phenotypic (imipenem) was determined disc diffusion test, blaNDM-1 detected specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) plasmid DNA extracted electrophoresed standard procedure.
 Results: Of analyzed bacteria growth, 300 order recovered. these, only 45 (12.6%) phenotypically antibiotic 30 (66.7%) these. While all Klebsiella oxytoca, variicola, Enterobacter aerogenes, hormaechei, asburiae, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii that imipenem, other harbored varying proportion. Most positive also R-plasmids.
 Conclusion: Emergence mediated isolated constitutes an emerging challenge with potential transmission humans, thereby complicating treatment infections caused pathogens man. As such, urgent need antimicrobial surveillance stewardship utmost importance.